Unit 14: Power And Politics Solution
(Napoleon Bonaparte)
Ways with words
A. Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word.
a. Many portraits of Napoleon show him with his right hand placed inside his coat.
sketch
b. Napoleon won one victory after another, defeating the Austrians in eighteen battles.
beating
c. Portrait painters thought this pose made men look more dignified.
good-looking
d. They announced France a republic.
officially declared
e. Napoleon conquered Austria in 1805.
triumphed over
f. There was no place to house his soldiers in the bitter Russian winter.
Cold
g. Napoleon was humiliated when he was defeated.
shamed
B. Guess the meanings to these words from the text and make sentences of your own.
a.Violent! that hurts others
Some people are so violent that it is difficult to control them.
b.execute: to kill somebody as a legal punishment
Many rebellions were executed during insurgency period.
c.ancient: very old
The people in ancient time believed that the sun moves around the earth.
d.alliance: an agreement between countries, political parties etc. to work together in order to achieve common goal
Five political parties have agreed to make an alliance to fight against government.
e.brilliant: extremely clever or impressive
The person, who won Madan Puraskar, is a brilliant writer.
f.genius: great intelligence, intelligence, skill or artistic ability She is a genius cricketer, having skills in it.
g.consul: a government representative in a foreign city
She has been appointed as the Nepalese consul to India.
h.invading: entering a country by force in order to take control of it.
Napolean realized that invading to Russia was his wrong decision.
D. Find the meanings of the following noun phrases and use them in sentences.
a.Vice-president: Kamala Harrison has been elected as first lady vice-president of the USA. b.Editor-in-chief: She is responsible for this news because she is the editor-in-chief of it.
c.Deputy Editor-in-chief: can you explain my duties as a deputy editor in chief?
d.Deputy Mayor: Deputy mayor inaugurated the sanitation programme yesterday. e.Joint-secretary: He has been appointed as a joint secretary of SAARC.
f.Under-secretary: The under-secretary issued the press note about her appointment. g.Deputy-Prime Minister: Mr. Karki resigned from the post of deputy prime minister. h.Vice-Chancellor: The vice chancellor of Tribhuvan University addressed the convocation ceremony.
i.Attorney-general: The government promoted him the position of attorney general.
j.Ex-president: Ex-president, Dr. Ram Baran Yadav headed to Singapore for his treatment.
k.Sub-editor: She served in Gorkhapatra Sansthan as a sub-editor of the Rising Nepal for years.
l.Co-auther: Mr. Paudel, who is the co-author of the book has contributed in editing too.
Comprehension
Answer these questions.
a. Where was Napoleon from?
Ans: Napoleon was from France.
b. Why did poor and middle-class people declare France a republic?
Ans: Poor and middle-class people declared France as a republic because they were tired of paying heavy taxes for the luxurious life of king and his nobles.
c.When did Napoleon declare himself emperor of France?
Ans: In 1804 Napoleon declared himself the emperor of France.
d. What did he do when he ruled France?
Ans: When he ruled in France he restored law and order, he reorganized the government and Bank of France, he built fine roads and improved old ones, he made Paris a beautiful city with wide roads. building and monuments and importantly, he improved the laws.
e.Which countries did he rule when he was the emperor
Ans: When he was the emperor, he ruled Italy, Switzerland and Germany.
f. What was the main cause of his destruction ?
Ans: The main cause of his destruction was invasion over Russia.
g.How did his rule as emperor end in Europe ?
Ans: European countries gathered their armies to fight against him and his rule as an emperor ended.
h. How could Napoleon have been an even greater ruler ?
Ans: Napoleon could have been an even greater ruler if he had not been driven by his love of power.
Critical thinking
a. What can be the qualities of a great leader? Can a great leader remain in power for long in a country? Discuss.
Ans: There are many great leaders in the world. They contributed for their countries in different ways. But there are few leaders who are successful and respected. Many political leaders lack leadership capacity. The leader with good vision, honesty and dtermination can remain in power for a long time. The leaders must have certain qualities. They are honesty, good leadership, vision, impartial, confidence, and flexibility. If a person has these qualities he/she can be a great leader.
b.The 16th president of the USA, Abraham Lincoln said democracy is government of the people for the people and by the people. Do you think it is perfectly applicable in the present context of Nepal? Explain.
Ans: This quotation of Abraham Lincoln is applicable in democratic counties. The constitution of Nepal has given equal rights to every citizen. But democratic norms and values are still to institutionalize in Nepal. As imagined by Lincoln. Nepal still has a long way to go to apply democratic systems because of corruption, poverty, illiteracy and lack of honesty and vision in political leadership. Government bodies should function properly to establish democratic norms and values. At present there is not any co-ordination among constitutional bodies due to which the country cannot develop properly. Corruption is the burning problem of our country. Until and unless political leaders are not honest, and committed to eradicate corruption, a dream of new Nepal can never be successful. Nepotism is the serious problem in Nepalese government institutions.
The selfish desire of the leadership to remain in power has made democracy lame and blind. The opportunists promise monetary help and other promises to win the election, but they forget their promises to win the election, but they forget their promises, once they are elected. Therefore, it is difficult to apply democratic principles in the context of Nepal.
Writing
a. Write an essay on Power and Politics in about 500 words.
Ans:
Power and Politics
By nature everybody wants to be in power. Power can be defined as the ability to get someone to do something or ability to make things happen as one’s wish. Power and politics are inter-related. Politicians have always been hunger of power. In a country politics plays very important role because it influences almost every sector. A person or institute needs power to maintain system. Power controls all the activities of an organization. The person in power must be honest for the benefit of people and nation. For as long as man can remember, power has always played a very significant role in all aspects of human civilizations. Power should be given to a person or an organization to achieve desired, goals. Use of power should not be out of rules, regulations, policies and other norms.
Political leaders are powerful, in this sense, politics forms and controls different system. If the politicians are honest and use their power properly they can play important role to develop the nation. But misuse of power creates unestability and conflict. The leaders must have certain qualities to be a good leader. They should have democratic values and should show it in their act. A good leader always listens to others, and includes them in decision making process. A person should not be impartial while using his/her power.
When we talk about power, politics can never be separated from it. If a person holds all the power by himself/herself, he/she can be autocratic. Division of power plays very important role in democracy. Political leadership is responsible for forming system, Laws, rules and regulations and so on. Their honesty, determination, and proper use of power helps to maintain peace, continue developmental activities and make people happy and satisfied. But corruption and misuse of power bring conflict and dissatisfaction. Misuse of power is seen mostly in poor and developing countries. Political leaders involvement in dirty politics causes unstability and fragmentation in the society. If the politics has positive influence the country is always peaceful and expected goals can be achieved. If we look back to our history, we can see that hunger of power has caused many unpleasant incidents. Sometimes it causes anarchy. The future of the country and people is determined by politics. Leaders should maintain balance between personal and positional power to influence and motivate people.
To summarize it, political leaders should be honest and wise to use their power and must not exhibit unnecessary power. Politics should not be driven by any selfish desire. It should be considered that politics and power can make country or can ruin it. It depends on users of power.
b.Write a couple of paragraphs about a national hero who fought bravely in the Anglo-Nepal War.
Ans:
Sardar Bhakti Thapa: A national hero
After the fall of Lamjung in the battle against Gorkhali forces, he was captured and kept in prison in Sardar Bhakti Thapa, a brave warrior of Anglo Nepal war was born in 1741 in. Lamjung district
Kathmandu. Later he was appointed as Sardar of Nepali army. After two years he was made the supreme commander of Nepali army stationed in western region that stretched upto Satalaj river. He was also the administrator of the region. He was the Patriot who fought bravely in Anglo-Nepal war He contributed in the war at the western front of, Deuthal. In this war he controlled the operation of whole Western Region of Nepal.
When British force were around 1km away from Malaun fort, Deuthal Bhakti Thapa went to battle field carrying naked Khukuri and sword. He led about 2000 Nepalese soldiers, who fought bravely. There was a fierce fighting between two forces and around 100 Nepalese soldiers and many British officers, except Arsenal were killed. In the battle, when he tried to capture a cannon, he was hit by a bullet and killed. Even British army paid their tribute to him and handed his body to Nepalese authority respectfully. His two wives sacrificed themselves following sati tradition. He will always be remembered as a true patriot and a brave warrior of our country.
Grammar
B. Fill in the blanks with may, must or can’t.
a. Matthew must be at home. I can see his bike in front of his home.
b. They may be coming tomorrow.
c. She can’t speak French very well. She’s only lived in Paris for two weeks.
d. My key is not in my pocket or on my desk so it must be in the drawer.
e. I saw him yesterday. He can’t be abroad.
f. You got the job? That’s great. You must be very delighted.
g. I may finish it by tomorrow if I stay at work all night, but I’m not sure.
h. Somebody is knocking on the door. It must be Sabina – she promised to come today.
C. Rewrite the following sentences using may/might, must or can’t.
a. I’m sure he’s not going to the cinema today.
Ans: He can’t be going to the cinema today.
b. Perhaps she knows the answer.
Ans: She may know the answer.
c. I’m sure he has a car.
Ans: He must have a car.
d. I doubt if it rains later on.
Ans: It may rain later on.
e. Perhaps she wants to be alone.
Ans: She may want to be alone.
f. I’m sure Harina is in her office.
Ans: Harina must be in her office.