Unit 4:History and Culture Solution
(Qin Dynasty)
Ways with words
A. Match the words with their meanings.
Brevity: lasting only for a short time
Conquest: victory over a place or people by use of military force
Resemblance: the state of being alike
Barbarian: a member of an uncivilized group of people of culture
Ally: one state united to another by a treaty or a league for a military purpose
Nobility: state of being noble in character, quality, or rank
Ruthlessness: character of having no pity or compassion
Decimation: the killing or destruction of a large number of a population
Harsh: cruel
Elixir: liquid that is believed to cure all ills
B. Find the following words in the text and use them in sentences of your own.
a. Invasion: The public are fighting against the invasion of terrorists.
b.disregard:People disregard the basic safety rules even during pandemic.
c.paramount:Cleanliness and sanitation should be given paramount importance throughout the life.
d. populace: The republican candidate is supported by the large sections of local populace.
e.revolt: The police played the crucial role to control the revolt.
F.assassination: The prime Minister was able to survive for a number of assassination attempts.
g.serfdom:The government should abolish serfdom and provide justice to them.
D. Consult a dictionary and prepare a list of ten homographs.
1. Fine (adj) very good – fine (noun)- sum of money that is paid as punishment
2. Row (noun) in a line/ row (verb) to move a boat using oars.
3. Book (noun) set of printed pages
book (verb) to reserve
4. Chop (verb) to cut
chop (noun) a slice of meat
5. Can (verb) to show ability /can (noun) -a metal container
6. Capital (noun) large amount of money
Capital (adj)- Punishment
7. date (noun) – a particular day /date (verb) to have relationship
8. display (verb) to show something
display (noun) show on a computer shcreen
9. fly (verb) to move through the air
fly (noun) a small insect
10. Land (noun) – the surface of the earth
Land (verb)- to come down through air onto the ground
Comprehension
A. Complete the table with the correct information from the text.
Ans:
Qin Dynasty period: 221-206 BCE
Zhou Dynasty period: 770-720 BCE
Warring states period : 426-221 BCE
Unification of China by Qin: 221 BCE
First Emperor of Qin Dynasty: Shi Huangdi
Death of Shi Huangdi: 210 BCE
Liu Bang Period: 247 BCE -195 BCE
B. Answer the following questions.
a. Why is the Zhou Age called a feudal age?
Ans: Zhou government adopted some of the forms of feudalism which was followed in medieval
Europe. Therefore, Zhou age is also calld a feudal age.
b. What is the location advantage of the Qin ?
Ans: Qin were well guarded from the east by mountains and gorges and they also had an easy access to the North China Plain through the Yellow River Passes. It is the location advantages for the Qin.
c. What contributed to the success in the warfare as described in the text?
Ans: They had many resources, the size of the Qin army was big and their expert use of the chariot contributed to their success in warfare according to the text.
d. Why did the Qin invite the foreign advisor, Shang Yang?
Ans: There was lack of skilled intellectuals and politicians. Shang Yang was one of the talented and skilled person. Therefore, the Qin invited the foreign advisor Shang Yang to suggest them the idea of state policy.
e.What were the key features of the Qin political system ?
Ans: Fear and control were the key features of the Qin political system.
f.How were the people treated during the Qin Period ?
Ans: The people were treated in two ways in Qin period. Those who contributed for the state were rewarded whereas those people whose lives were considered meaningless were sent to work as slaves.
g.Why did Shi Huangdi stop educating ordinary people?
Ans: Shi Huangdi stopped educating ordinary people because he believed that uneducated people were easier to control, he wanted to keep people foolish so that they would not raise any questions against the empire.
h.What did the Qin achieve by the legalism in practice?
Ans: Qin achieved a lot by the legalism in practice, they were able to create superior army, a disciplined bureaucracy, an obedient populace, and unquestioned authority of a strong central government.
i.Why did Shi Huangdi never sleep in the same room for two consecutive nights?
Ans: Shi Huangdi never slept in the same room for two consecutive nights because he was in constant fear of assassination.
j.What are the everlasting marks of the Qin Dynasty ?
Ans: The everlasting marks of the Qin Dynasty are, The Great wall of China, Grand Canal and the roads which link Chinese cities to the countryside.
Critical Thinking
a. The Great Wall and the Taj Mahal are the creation of the autocratic rulers. Present your view for or against this statement.
Ans: Yes, it is true that The Great Wall and the Taj Mahal are the creation of autocratic rulers. During regime Shi Huangdi fought many wars and proclaimed himself an Emperor. He made people work in construction sites as slaves. He was also against educating people. He thought that people should remain stupid so that they would not raise any question against overnment. On the other hand Shah Jahan, who built Taj Mahal was one of the four sons of his father. He fought with his brothers to get enthroned. He spent a large sum of money from royal threasury just to make a tomb.
b.How do you describe the pros and cons of feudalism?
Ans: Feudalism was the socio-political system that existed in Europe during the middle Ages. The advantages of this system are the people who worked for the nobles got protection from them. The people could use their land to grow crops. But one of the disadvantages of feudalism was people were kept as serfdom. They had to work for their masters. They even had to fight for the nobles.
Writing
a. Write an email to your friend living abroad stating the contributions of Prithvi Narayan Shah in the unification of Nepal.
Ans:
To: Sharmarjun@gmail.com
Dear Priiya,
I am sending this email as a response to your email last week. In your email you asked me to write about the contributions of Prithivi Narayan Shah in the unification of Nepal. So I am describing it to you.
Prithvi Narayan Shah was the king of Gorkha. He is credited for starting the campaign for the unification of Nepal. At that time Nepal was divided into many small kingdoms. He fought with them and included those small states in his terriory. He had established friendly relations with
some of the states to win them. He was able to conquer Kathmandu valley in his third attempt. He is commonly known as Father of the Nation’ in Nepal for his contribution in the unification Although he was the king of Gorkha, he declared Kathmandu as the capital city of unified Nepal
Because of his contribution and bravery, we can now call ourselves Nepalese.
Please write to me if you want to know anything more.
Best regards.
Sarmila Thapa
b.The table shows the major political movements in Nepal after the end of the Rana Regime. Write a paragraph of each event with their key contributions in the political landscape of Nepal
Ans:
Establishment of Democracy (1951 AD): It is one the major political changes in Nepal. 104 years Long Rana Regime was overthrown and democracy was established. Nepali congress, Nepal Praja Parisad and other political parties played crucial role to abolish autocratic Rana rule. Party politics began in Nepal in the leadership of Nepali congress and Nepal communist party.
First General Election (1959): A general election was held from 7th Falgun 2015 BS for 109 constituencies. In this election Nepali congress won 74 seats and BP Koirala was elected the prime minister. On 13th of Jestha 2016 a 19 member government was formed. B.P. Koirala is also known as the first elected Prime Minister of Nepal. This government was in effect until 1 Poush 2017. On 1st of Poush 2017, king Mahendra dissolved the government and all the political parties were banned.
Dismissal of Elected Government (1960): On 1s of Poush 2017, king Mahendra dismissed the elected government and introduced partyless Panchayat system. All the political parties were banned and the leaders were imprisoned. King Mahendra consolidated power by institunalizing three pillars of national identity. They are Hindu religion, Nepali language and monarchy. He introduced the idea Ek Rajya, Ek Bhesh, Ek Bhasha, Ek Desh (One king, one dress one language one nation.)
National Referendum (1980): In 2036 BS national referendum was carried out. It was announced by King Birendra on May 24 1979. It was carried out to pacify the students who were demonstrating, asking for the political reform. The voters were offered the choice between Panchayat system and Multi party system. In this referendum Panchayat system received majority 54.99%. Votes and king, Birendra continued Panchayat system.
People’s Movement I (1990): People’s movement I, which is also known as Jana Andolan I took place in 2046 BS. It was the multiparty movement which eliminated the partyless Panchayat system. Then absolute monarchy was ended and constitutional monarchy began. All the political parties were united against Panchayat system. The movement was led by Supreme leader Ganesh Man Singh. When the nation adopted the multiparty system ‘Constitution of Nepal-2047 was Proclaimed.
People’s Movement II (2007): In the history of Nepal, People’s Movement II is also known as Jana Andolan II, that took place in 2007. In 2007 there was a nation-wide people’s movement in Nepal against King Gyanendra’s direct rule. There was an alliance between Nepal Communist Party (Maoist) and other six political parties. It lasted for 19 days and compelled king Gyanendra to reinstate parliament. The success of peoples movement II ended the decade long conflict which had badly affected the many parts of the country. Major political change caused by Jana Andolan II was the abolition of monarchy.
Grammar
A. Read this paragraph and classify regular and irregular verbs in the bold face.
About 771 BCE, a barbarian invasion drove the Zhou rulers eastwards. During this time, the state of Qin became responsible for guarding the western frontier and they gradually moved eastward and eventually occupied the original Zhou domains. Thus, the Qin became a close ally of the Zhou and they also had marriage relations with the Zhou ruling class. King Ping of Zhou (r. 770-720 BCE) transferred titles of the nobility and huge estates to the chief of Qin.
Ans:
People’s Movement I (1990): People’s movement I, which is also known as Jana Andolan I took place in 2046 BS. It was the multiparty movement which eliminated the partyless Panchayat system. Then absolute monarchy was ended and constitutional monarchy began. All the political parties were united against Panchayat system. The movement was led by Supreme leader Ganesh Man Singh. When the nation adopted the multiparty system ‘Constitution of Nepal-2047 was Proclaimed.
People’s Movement II (2007): In the history of Nepal, People’s Movement II is also known as Jana Andolan II, that took place in 2007. In 2007 there was a nation-wide people’s movement in Nepal against King Gyanendra’s direct rule. There was an alliance between Nepal Communist Party (Maoist) and other six political parties. It lasted for 19 days and compelled king Gyanendra to reinstate parliament. The success of peoples movement II ended the decade long conflict which had badly affected the many parts of the country. Major political change caused by Jana Andolan II was the abolition of monarchy.
Grammar
A. Read this paragraph and classify regular and irregular verbs in the bold face.
About 771 BCE, a barbarian invasion drove the Zhou rulers eastwards. During this time, the state of Qin became responsible for guarding the western frontier and they gradually moved eastward and eventually occupied the original Zhou domains. Thus, the Qin became a close ally of the Zhou and they also had marriage relations with the Zhou ruling class. King Ping of Zhou (r. 770-720 BCE) transferred titles of the nobility and huge estates to the chief of Qin.
Ans:
I.drove- irregular
Ii.became- irregular
iii. moved- regular
iv. occupied-regular
V. became-irregular
vi. had-irregular
vii. Transferred-regular
B. Complete the texts below using the correct past forms of the verbs from the bracket.
Ans:
a. The Maya established a very advanced civilisation in the jungles of the Yucatan. However, their culture disappeared (disappear) by the time Europeans first arrived (arrive) in the New World.
b. When I turned (turn) on the radio yesterday, I heard (hear) a song that was popular when I was (be) at the basic level of my study. It took (take) me back to some old memories.
c.I was looking for a job. I applied (apply) for a job last week. Fortunately,I got (get) it and now I am a job holder.
C. Choose the correct words from the list and complete the sentences with the correct verb form.
teach write see get up throw cost
Ans:
a. Newton saw an apple falling from the tree..
b. Ramesh Bikal has written many popular stories.
c.My jacket is expensive. It cost me Rs 5000.
d.She got up early in the morning yesterday.
e.When I was small, my father taught me at home.
f.Why did you throw the cap away?
D. Put the verb into the correct form and complete the sentences.
a.I went to see the film, but I did not enjoy it. (not/enjoy)
b.I met Rojina in town in a few days ago. (meet)
c.It was very warm, so I took off my coat. ( take off)
d.Though the bed was very comfortable, I could not sleep very well. (not/sleep)
e.I started new job last week. (start )
f.He was too busy in the office yesterday. (be)
g.Nita invited her to the party, but she didn’t come. (invite )